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However, the agreement he is discussing has little to do with the Middle East or peace. To be fair to the government, this is a step in the right direction towards resolving a long-standing conflict in the Balkans, even if it again greatly exaggerates what has been achieved, and even if the agreement was reached in a very strange and Trumpian way. Trump`s normalization agreement provides for increased economic cooperation between Kosovo and Serbia, especially in the areas of transportation and infrastructure. It also obliges both countries to intensify their work on the issues of missing persons, refugees and internally displaced persons from the Kosovo war of the 1990s. While participating in negotiations with the United States on economic issues, Kosovo and Serbia continued to participate in a parallel dialogue led by the European Union, which focused on political disagreements between the two sides. [10] The agreement mainly concerns economic issues, and some of them only confirm commitments to previous agreements. It includes a commitment by Kosovo to end its membership campaign for international organisations, and for Serbia to stop its campaign, so that other countries and organisations will deprive Kosovo of one year. Grenell had so far pushed for this without much success. [20] “Serbia Should Recognize Kosovo,” Biden`s letter to Vucic, Euronews Albania (February 7, 2021), euronews.al/en/kosovo/2021/02/07/serbia-should-recognize-kosovo-biden-s-letter-to-vucic. In order to implement the agreement, both countries will have to amend the relevant legislation. One or both may need to change their constitution. The issues must be revealed publicly and MEPs must take a stand.
The first signs are not encouraging. The Kosovar assembly approved the agreement after a noisy session late at night with furious denunciations of the opposition party Vetëvendosje (Self-Determination), whose supporters gathered in front of the legislature. The Serbian parliament refused to vote on the agreement itself, claiming that it would constitute recognition of Kosovo; instead, it approved the government`s report on the negotiations. Previous technical agreements between the two sides are not disclosed in the appeal to the Serbian Constitutional Court on the grounds that the government has inadmissiblely modified decree issues that must be regulated by law. While the Trump administration has promoted economic normalization without addressing the controversial issue of Serbia`s recognition of Kosovo, President Biden`s new administration has already adopted a different tone. President Biden has called on Kosovo and Serbia to normalize relations on the basis of “mutual recognition,” making it clear that recognition is now on the table. [20] Given President Biden`s stated goal of improving US-EU relations,[21] the Biden administration is expected to work more closely with the EU to enable a legally binding agreement between Kosovo and Serbia and to push for some form of Serbian recognition of Kosovo. US Secretary of State Anthony Blinken confirmed that the Washington agreement would remain in force until it is amended in the future. [22] Under the new agreement, the two former Yugoslav states will be the first European countries to have embassies in Jerusalem. The decision was criticised by the European Union. On 19 October 2020, the governments of Serbia and Kosovo reached a draft agreement on the formation of a joint committee to search for the remains of approximately 1,600 ethnic Albanians and Serbs missing since the 1998-1999 Kosovo conflict.
[28] Reaching a peace deal between the two longtime enemies is a favorite project of Richard Grenell, Trump`s former ambassador to Germany and former acting director of national intelligence.* Grenell`s move has angered European governments, which have been pursuing their own peace efforts in the Balkans for years. Peace has endured since the signing of the Dayton Agreement. Annex 4 of the General Framework Agreement remains the Constitution for Bosnia and Herzegovina and remains the basis of Bosnia and Herzegovina`s current political divisions and governmental structure. The agreement also laid the groundwork for NATO military action in Kosovo in 1999, which has since led to the province`s independence. Serbian leader Milošević was arrested for war crimes and died of natural causes during his trial in 2006. The general framework agreement with 11 annexes was officially signed in Paris on 14 December by the parties and witnesses of President Clinton, French President Jacques Chirac, British Prime Minister John Major, German Chancellor Helmut Kohl and Russian Prime Minister Viktor Chernomyrdin. The agreement called on Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia to commit themselves to full respect for the sovereign equality of others and to the settlement of disputes by peaceful means. In addition, the parties agreed to fully respect human rights and the rights of refugees and displaced persons.
Finally, the parties agreed to cooperate fully with all entities, including those authorized by the United Nations Security Council, in the implementation of the peace settlement and in the investigation and prosecution of war crimes and other violations of international humanitarian law. The agreement is known as the Dayton Agreement because the negotiations took place at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, near Dayton, Ohio. The trial was led by Richard Holbrooke, the U.S.`s top peace negotiator, and Secretary of State Warren Christopher. On October 4, 2019, Donald Trump appointed Richard Grenell as the President`s Special Envoy for the peace negotiations between Serbia and Kosovo. [3] After months of diplomatic talks, Grenell made it possible to celebrate September 20. January 2020 Negotiations between Serbia and Kosovo[a], during which the two countries agreed to resume flights between their capitals for the first time in more than two decades. [4] [5] A peace summit between the two sides on June 27, 2020 was scheduled to take place in Washington D.C., but was cancelled due to the possible indictment of Hashim Thaçi for war crimes. [6] [1] In reality, the war in Kosovo ended 20 years ago. There are no “massacres” in either country today. And while tensions between Belgrade and Pristina are still high, Trump`s deal offers no path to political normalization. Given that he “didn`t stop the murder,” what did the US president really accomplish through his efforts to “restore peace” in the Balkans? In late August 1995, following a Bosnian Serb attack in Sarajevo, NATO carried out airstrikes on Serb positions.
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